Chapter 5

Chapter 5
The Shoulder Joint

Manual of Structural Kinesiology

The Shoulder Joint

Shoulder joint is attached to axial skeleton via the clavicle at _____________

Scapula movement usually occurs movement of humerus

Humeral flexion & abduction require scapula __________________________

Humeral adduction & extension results in _____________________________

Scapula abduction occurs with humeral _______________________________

Scapula adduction occurs with humeral _______________________________

The Shoulder Joint

Wide range of motion of the shoulder joint in many different planes requires a significant amount of laxity

Common to have instability problems because of:

_______________________________

The price of mobility is _______________________

The more mobile a joint is, the ______________stable it is & the more stable it is, the ___________ mobile

Bones

Scapula, clavicle, & humerus serve as attachments for shoulder joint muscles

Scapular landmarks

____________________

Bones

Scapula, clavicle, & humerus serve as attachments for shoulder joint muscles

Humeral landmarks

____________________

Bones

Key bony landmarks

____________________

Glenohumeral Joint

multiaxial ____________________

enarthrodial

Glenohumeral Joint

____________________ slightly enhances stability

Glenohumeral ligaments provide ____________________

Determining exact range of each movement is difficult due to accompanying shoulder girdle movement

Glenohumeral Joint

90 to 95 degrees abduction

0 degrees adduction, 75 degrees anterior to trunk

Glenohumeral Joint

40 to 60 degrees of extension

90 to 100 degrees of flexion

Glenohumeral Joint

70 to 90 degrees of internal & external rotation

Glenohumeral Joint

45 degrees of horizontal abduction

135 degrees of horizontal adduction

Movements

Abduction

_____________________________________________________

Adduction

_____________________________________________________

Flexion

_____________________________________________________

Extension

_____________________________________________________

Horizontal adduction (transverse flexion)

_____________________________________________________

Horizontal abduction (transverse extension)

_____________________________________________________

External rotation

_____________________________________________________

Internal rotation

_____________________________________________________

Diagonal abduction

_____________________________________________________

Diagonal adduction

_____________________________________________________

Muscles

Intrinsic glenohumeral muscles

_____________________________________________________

______________ _________________ _____________________

Rotator cuff group

_____________________________________________________

Extrinsic glenohumeral muscles

_____________________________________________________

Muscles

_____________________________________________________

Superior

_____________________________________________________

Superior

_____________________________________________________

Posterior

_____________________________________________________

Pectoralis Major Muscle

Upper fibers (clavicular head): internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion, abduction (once arm is abducted 90 degrees, upper fibers assist in further abduction), & adduction (with arm below 90 degrees of abduction)

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

Adduction

Deltoid Muscle

Anterior fibers: abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, & internal rotation

Coracobrachialis Muscle

Flexion

Rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus

attach to greater tubercle from above (Abduct)

Infraspinatus

attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (Ext. Rot.)

Subscapularis Muscle

Internal rotation

Supraspinatus Muscle

Weak abduction

Infraspinatus Muscle

Teres Minor Muscle

External rotation

Teres Major Muscle

Extension, particularly from the flexed position to the posteriorly extended position

Glenohumeral Flexion

Agonists

Anterior Deltoid

Upper Pectoralis Major

Glenohumeral Extension

Agonists

Teres Major

Latissimus Dorsi

Lower Pectoralis Major

Glenohumeral Abduction

Agonists

Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Upper Pectoralis Major

Glenohumeral Adduction

EX. Lat. Pull - pull down weights

Agonists

Latissimus Dorsi

Teres Major

Lower Pectoralis Major

Glenohumeral Internal Rotation

Agonists

Latissimus Dorsi

Teres Major

Subscapularis

Pectoralis Major

All attach anteromedially on humerus

Glenohumeral External Rotation

Agonists

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Both attach posteriorly on greater tubercle

Glenohumeral Horizontal Abduction

Agonists

Posterior Deltoid

Middle Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Glenohumeral Horizontal Adduction

Agonists

Anterior Deltoid

Pectoralis Major

Coracobrachialis

Glenohumeral Diagonal Abduction

Agonists

Posterior Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Triceps Brachii (Long Head)

Glenohumeral Diagonal Adduction

Agonists - both low & high

Anterior Deltoid

Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachii (short head)

Pectoralis Major - Upper & Lower